The working principle of single stage centrifugal pump

Centrifugal pumps are able to expel water primarily because of the centrifugal force at play. To initiate the pumping process, both the pump body and the water inlet pipe need to be filled with water to establish a vacuum state. As the impeller starts spinning rapidly, its blades induce the water to rotate swiftly as well. Under the influence of centrifugal force, the spinning water is thrown away from the impeller, thereby emptying the pump of its water. Consequently, a vacuum region forms in the central part of the impeller. Through the force of atmospheric pressure or water pressure, the water source is compelled into the water inlet pipe via the pipeline network. This perpetual cycle allows for continuous pumping. It is essential to note that the centrifugal pump must be fully primed with water in its casing before commencing operation; otherwise, the pump will fail to draw in water, leading to overheating, vibration, and inadequate water supply, resulting in "air binding" which damages the pump and can cause equipment accidents.